John burnham



.iglrigutrh gisten atwf @Hirsi JOHN BURNHAM, OF LA SALLE, ILLlNOlS,ASSIGNOR TO HlMSELF AND DAVID L. HOUGH, OF THE SAME PLAGE.v

Lett-ers Patent No. 74,044, dated Feruarg/ 4, 1868.

IMPROVEMENT IN GULTIVATORS.

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To ALL WHoM Ir MAYcoNcERN:

Be it known that I, JOHN BURNHAM, of La. Salle, in the county of LaSalle, and State of Illinois, have invented certai'n new and usefulImprovements in Oultivators; `and I do hereby declare that the followingis a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had tothe accompanying drawings, making a part ot` this specification, inwhich- Figure l, sheet l, is an elevation of one side ofthe improvedcultivator.

Figure 2, sheet 1, is a plan-view of the cultivator.

Figure 3, sheet 2, is a .longitudinal section taken in a vertical planethrough the centre of the cultiva'tor.

Figure 4, sheet 2, is a plan view of the cultivator, withdrivers seatremoved and shovel-frame adjusted to one side.

Figure 5, sheet 2, is a sectionalvview, showing the manner of securingthe shovels to their standards.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the severalgures.

This invention relates to certain novel improvements on that class ofcultivators wherein the shovels are applied to adjustable beams, whichare hung beneath a carriage-frame, and so arranged as to work two rowsor ridges at one time.

The nature of my invention consists in attaching the cultivator-beams tosupports, which depend from the extremities of a horizontally-movablecross-beam, by means oi' independent pivot-joints, which will rmly holdthe plough-beams at the desired distance apart, but allow their rearends to rise and descend freely, said cross beam being centrally pivotedto a two-wheeled carriagewith elevated axle, and attached to a swingingdraughtpole in such manner that, by means of a hand-lever, or by meansof handles on the plough-beams, these beams can be swung to the right orto the left, and the ploughs made to follow the rows or plants undercultivation, as will be hereinafter described.

The invention also consists in suspending the plough or shovel-beamsfrom eccentric-levers, which are applied to a removable drivers-seatframe, so that a person sitting upon said frame can raise or depress theploughs or shovels; and in combining with such arrangement stilts orhandles upon the plough-beams, so arranged that a person walking behindthe machine can control the movements of the ploughs or shovels with thesame facility that a person riding upon the machine can, as will behereinafter described.

vThe invention also consists in attaching the shovels to their standardsby means of clamping eye-bolts, applied to the standards, and loopedbars applied to the backs of the shovels, whereby a. rigid fastening canbe ei'ected, which will admit of--a vertical and a lateral adjustmentoi' said shovels at pleasure, as will be hereinafter described. i

The invention further consists in a novel arrangement of adraught-chain, whereby the entire draught is thrown upon the extremitiesof the axleof the carriage, and the animals which are hitched 'to theends of such chain are relieved from undue weight upon their necks, aswill be hereinafter described.

To enable others skilled in the art to understand my invention, I willdescribe its construction and operation.V

In the accompanying drawings, A A represent two transporting-wheels,which are applied to short axles Al Al, projecting from the ends of anelevated axle-tree, A2. The short axles are secured to rectangularbrackets, in such manner that the axle-tree isY considerably elevatedabove the axis of the transporting-wheels, as shown in the drawings. Y

To the frontside ofthe axlc-tree A2, two long houndsB B are secured,which project, in converging lines, some distance in front of theaxlc-tree, and have pivoted between their front ends a draught-pole, C.This pole, O, is connected to said hounds by means oia vertical pivot,a, passing through two transverse brace-plates, which are secured to thetop and bottom sides of the hounds at their front ends, thereby allowingthe draughtpole to vibrate laterally. To the roar extremity of thedraught-pole C, the front end of a hand-lever, C, is pivoted, whichlever has its fulcrum upon a longitudinally-vibrating bridge, thatextends across the space between the hounds B, and is pivoted at itsends to these hounds, in rear of a cross-brace, D. By thus pivotinglever Cu on a loneitudinall -movable bridge, it will be seen that therear end of the dran htole can be movedy P e Y e P laterally toward theright or left, by means of said lever. v

Beneath the hounds B, and in front ofthe axle-tree A2, is a horizontaltransverse beam, D, carrying pendants, D D', upon its extremities. Thisbeam, D, is pivoted, at the middle of its length, to the cross-beam B bya vertical pin, c, which pin is sustained by means of a scmicireularbearing-plate, l, and a slider, b2. The two pendants D are securelysustained against backward strain by means of' braces c e, and to thesependants the longitudinal plough-beams E E are attached by means oftransverse pivots Z CZ. These pins, d, pass through holes madehorizontally through the pendants, and through the forward ends ci'connecting-plates d, which are secured to the front ends of theploughbeams E, as shown in the drawings. Each plough-beam E has twoplates d secured to itby a transverse pivot-pin, d2, and aclamping-bolt, d3, the latter passing through oblong slots that areconcentric to the axis ofpindg, and thereby adm itting'of the adjustment-of the beam E, so that the ploughs can be given more or less pitch, asmay be found necessary.

There may be several holes made transversely through the pendants D',for receiving the pivot-pins d d, and allowing of the verticaladjustment ofthe front ends ofthe plates d1, and, if desirable, severalholes may be made longitudinally through the swing-beam D, near itsends, for receivingthe bolts which secure the pendants Dl to said beam,and admiting ofthe lateral adjustment of the plough-beams.

The two plough-beams E E extend back in rear ofthe axle-tree A2, andeach beam has a handle, e, secured to it, so as to incline to one side,as shown in figs. 2 and 4, to be used by a person walking behind themachine, when the drivers seat is removed. Each plough-beam E has twostandards, E', secured to it, one in advance of the other, so as to workboth sides of a row at the same time, and upon said standards shovels orplough-blades are secured, as shown in the drawings.

A chain,f, is secured fast to the draught-pole C,-near its rear end, theends ot' which chain are passed around pulleys f, upon the lower edgesof the hounds B, andl thence carried back, and secured {irmly to thependants D', or to the extremities of the vibrating beam D. This'chainserves as a brace for the pendants D and beam D, but its chief object isto connect the tongue C to the beam D, so that by vibratingthehand-leverd C', the rear ends of the plough-beams can he adjusted tothe right or left, and the ploughs or shovels madeto follow irregularlines or rows of plants.

The rear portion of the draught-pole C moves between two horizontalcross-beams F Ff, which are bolted to the hounds B, as shown. Theuppermost beam, F, extends out some distance from each side of thehounds, and has longitudinally-swinging pendants G G, pivoted to itslower side, near its extremities. These pendants, G, are constructed sothat they will be sustainedagainst lateral strain, and to each pendant,near its lower end, a coupling-hook, g, is pivoted by a transverse pin,as shown in figs. 1 and 3. The hooks g are connected-together by means orods and chains L, the latter of which pass around horizontal grcovedpulleys t' z', applied to slots made through the ends of the axle-treeA2, as shown in the drawings. The whillle-trees, towhich the horses arehitched, are attached to the hooks g g, so that both horses draw cu theflexible connection h.

The drivers seat H is located in rear of the axle-tree, and overthe'plough-beams E, and it-is supported upon two longitudinal beams I I,which are attached at their front ends, beneath the cross-beam F, bymeans of vertical pins projecting down from said beam, and enteringholes made vertically through these seat-beams. The cross-beam F holdsthe ends ot' the seat-beams I down, and the aile Az supports them, asshown in figs. 1 and 2. The two plough-beams E are suspended from thescat-beams I, by means ot' chains 7' j, which are attached to hooks onsaid beams, and to eccentric-levers P I, on the inner sides oftheseat-beams. By detaching chains jj from the hooks on the beams E,the'driversseat, and its beams I, can be removed from the machine. Thelevers P I have hooks or eccentrics p p formed ontheir shortest arms, tothe ends of which hooks the upper ends of chains jj are attached. Whenthe ploughs or shovel-blades are in operation, the long arms of leversPirest upon the drivers seat, and when it is desired to raise theploughs out of action and hold them up, the levers P are pressed forwarduntil their long arms rest upon the top of axle-tree A2, when the chainswill hang in front ofthe axes ofthe levers.

The shovels or plough-blades Jhave loops m secured upon their backsurfaces, which are received by means oi` eyes n upon the ends oi'iboltst, as clearly shown in iig. 5. The eyes or hooks on the ends of thescrew-bolts n are made so that by screwing up the nuts on these boltsthe straight portions ofthe loops m will be drawn tightly into recessesformed in thelfront sidesl of the beams E', thus securing the shovelsrigidly to these beams. By loosening the nuts on belts n', the shovelsmay be adjusted vertically, or turned, so as to throw more or less earthabout the roots of the plants.l l

It will be seen from the above description, first, that both horses arehitched to the same ilexible connection t, and draw from the ends of theaxle-tree A2, thereby equalizing the draught, and removing considerableweight land strain from the necks of the horses; second, the plo'ughs orshovels can be moved laterally, by means of a vibrating-lever actingdirectly upon the draught-pole, which is attached to the beam to whichthe plough-beams are pivoted; third, the machine is adapted for, beingoperated by a person walking behind it, and having hold of theplough-handles, las well as by a person mounted upon the driv'ers seatfourth, the draught is all upon the elevated axle-tree; and lastly, theplougl1-beams can be raised free from the ground and held up, when themachine is not in operation.

Havingdeseribed my invention, what I claim as new, and desire tosecureby Letters Patent, is

1. In combination with the elevated axle-tree AZ, hounds B, pivoteddraughtfpole C, and lever G', having a movable fulcrum, I claimthepivoted beam D, having the plough-beams secured to its extremities, orto pendants applied thereto, said beam being connected,`by means of achain, to the draughtpole, substantially as described.

2. In combination with a pivoted beam D, arranged and operated asdescribed, and provided with pendants upon its ends, I claim the platesd d', having the plough-beams attached to them, substantially asdescribed.

3. The flexible draught-connection h, secured to swinging pendants G G,at its ends, and passed around the axle-tree AZ longitudinally,substantially as described.

4.' The removable drivers sea-t H, applied to the carriage, andsupported thereon, substantially as described, in combination withlevers I), suspension-chains j, beams E, and pivoted cross-beam D,substantially as described.

6. The attachment ofthe plough-blades or shovels J to their standards,by means of loops fm and clampingeye or hooked bolts it', substantiallyasdescribed. l

JOHN BURNI-IAM.

Witnesses:

C. S. MILLER. W. BANcnorr.

